Close up view of a middle-aged Japanese woman touching the skin on her cheek.

Skin can generate antibodies, independent of the rest of the immune system.Credit: kazuma seki/Getty

The skin — once thought to be a mainly passive barrier — can produce its own antibodies that fight off infections, a pair of studies reports in Nature this week1,2. The findings could pave the way for the development of needle-free vaccines that can be applied to the skin.



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